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[[File:Lucas Cranach d. Ä. 035.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[Wikipedia:Lucas Cranach the Elder|Lucas Cranach the Elder]]: ''The Garden of Eden'' (1530)]]
[[File:Lucas Cranach d. Ä. 035.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[Wikipedia:Lucas Cranach the Elder|Lucas Cranach the Elder]]: ''The Garden of Eden'' (1530)]]
[[File:Creation-and-the-expulsion-from-the-paradise-11291.jpg|thumb|300px|Giovanni di Paolo, Expulsion from Paradise, 15th century]]
[[File:Folio 25v - The Garden of Eden.jpg|300px|thumb|upright|The Garden of Eden in the [[Wikipedia:Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry|Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry]]]]
[[File:Michelangelo Sündenfall.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Wikipedia:Michelangelo|Michelangelo]]: ''Fall of Man and Expulsion from Paradise'' (ceiling fresco in the [[Wikipedia:Sistine Chapel|Sistine Chapel]])]]


The word '''paradise''' ({{HeS|פרדס}} ''pardes''; {{Greek|παράδεισος}} ''paradeisos'') refers to an enclosed or enclosed area. It goes back to the [[w:Avestic|Avestic]] term for a bounded or enclosed area, a stately park, an animal, pleasure or magic garden, and is referred to in the Hebrew tradition of the [[w:Tanakh|Tanakh]] as the '''Garden of Eden''' ([[w:Sumerian language|Sumerian]]: ''Guan Eden'' "edge of the heavenly steppe", {{HeS|גן עדן}} ''Gan Eden''). However, this did not mean an earthly garden, because in the state of paradise man still lived as a [[warmth]]-[[air]] man in the vicinity of the [[earth]] in the area of the [[lunar sphere]]. Only through the consequences of the [[Fall of man]] was he transferred down into the liquid and into the newly formed solid [[earth element]]. Nevertheless, purely earthly attempts to locate Paradise have a long tradition.
The word '''paradise''' ({{HeS|פרדס}} ''pardes''; {{Greek|παράδεισος}} ''paradeisos'') refers to an enclosed or enclosed area. It goes back to the [[w:Avestic|Avestic]] term for a bounded or enclosed area, a stately park, an animal, pleasure or magic garden, and is referred to in the Hebrew tradition of the [[w:Tanakh|Tanakh]] as the '''Garden of Eden''' ([[w:Sumerian language|Sumerian]]: ''Guan Eden'' "edge of the heavenly steppe", {{HeS|גן עדן}} ''Gan Eden''). However, this did not mean an earthly garden, because in the state of paradise man still lived as a [[warmth]]-[[air]] man in the vicinity of the [[earth]] in the area of the [[lunar sphere]]. Only through the consequences of the [[Fall of man]] was he transferred down into the liquid and into the newly formed solid [[earth element]]. Nevertheless, purely earthly attempts to locate Paradise have a long tradition.


According to [[Dante Alighieri]]'s "[[Divine Comedy]]", the Garden of Eden, as the "Earthly Paradise", is located on the top of the Purgatory Mountain, which rises on the southern hemisphere of the earth. From there, only the path leads to the actual supernatural [[paradiso]], to the world of the spheres or heavenly paradise ([[w:Middle Persian|Middle Persian]]: ''garotman'' or ''garodman'', from garō.dəmāna "house of praise"<ref>[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/garodman- garōdmān]. In: Ehsan Yarshater (Editor): [http://www.iranicaonline.org Encyclopædia Iranica]</ref>), which extends from the lunar sphere through the [[planetary spheres]] and the [[zodiac]] up to the [[Empyrean]] located beyond the [[crystal heaven]].  
According to [[Dante Alighieri]]'s "[[Divine Comedy]]", the Garden of Eden, as the "Earthly Paradise", is located on the top of the Purgatory Mountain, which rises on the southern hemisphere of the earth. From there, only the path leads to the actual supernatural [[paradiso]], to the world of the spheres or heavenly paradise ([[w:Middle Persian|Middle Persian]]: ''garotman'' or ''garodman'', from garō.dəmāna "house of praise"<ref>[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/garodman- garōdmān]. In: Ehsan Yarshater (Editor): [http://www.iranicaonline.org Encyclopædia Iranica]</ref>), which extends from the lunar sphere through the [[planetary spheres]] and the [[zodiac]] up to the [[Empyrean]] located beyond the [[crystal heaven]].  
== The Formation of the Physical-Ethereal Man ==
The Garden of Eden in the Book of Hours of the Duke of Berry
The Garden of Eden is described in Genesis in the second creation story, after the six-day work had already been completed, in connection with the creation of [[Adam]]. While the six-day work still takes place entirely in the astral world, the development now shifts to the [[physical-etheric world]].
{{Quote|4 These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created, in the day that the LORD God made the earth and the heavens, 5 And every plant of the field before it was in the earth, and every herb of the field before it grew: for the LORD God had not caused it to rain upon the earth, and there was not a man to till the ground. 6 But there went up a mist from the earth, and watered the whole face of the ground. 7 And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul. 8 And the LORD God planted a garden eastward in Eden; and there he put the man whom he had formed. 9 And out of the ground made the LORD God to grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight, and good for food; the tree of life also in the midst of the garden, and the tree of knowledge of good and evil. 10 And a river went out of Eden to water the garden; and from thence it was parted, and became into four heads. 11 The name of the first is Pison: that is it which compasseth the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold; 12 And the gold of that land is good: there is bdellium and the onyx stone. 13 And the name of the second river is Gihon: the same is it that compasseth the whole land of Ethiopia. 14 And the name of the third river is Hiddekel: that is it which goeth toward the east of Assyria. And the fourth river is Euphrates. 15 And the LORD God took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden to dress it and to keep it. 16 And the LORD God commanded the man, saying, Of every tree of the garden thou mayest freely eat: 17 But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die. 18 And the LORD God said, It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him an help meet for him. 19 And out of the ground the LORD God formed every beast of the field, and every fowl of the air; and brought them unto Adam to see what he would call them: and whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that was the name thereof. 20 And Adam gave names to all cattle, and to the fowl of the air, and to every beast of the field; but for Adam there was not found an help meet for him. 21 And the LORD God caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam, and he slept: and he took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh instead thereof; 22 And the rib, which the LORD God had taken from man, made he a woman, and brought her unto the man. 23 And Adam said, This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh: she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of Man. 24 Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave unto his wife: and they shall be one flesh. 25 And they were both naked, the man and his wife, and were not ashamed.|{{B|Genesis|2:4-25}}}}
=== The Tree of Life and the Tree of Knowledge ===
Michelangelo: Fall of Man and Expulsion from Paradise (ceiling fresco in the Sistine Chapel)
The Tree of Life and the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil represent the higher things that must unite with man to form his etheric body and his physical body. The Tree of Knowledge is, in the language of the Elohim, which they have already developed on the old Sun, the physical body of man. The tree of life means the etheric body {{GZ||253|60ff}}.
=== The four rivers of paradise ===
The four rivers of paradise, called '''Pishon''' ({{HeS|פִּישׁ֑וֹן}}), '''Gihon''' ({{HeS|גִּיח֑וֹן}}, outwardly usually identified with the [[w:Nile|Nile]]), '''Hiddekel''' ({{HeS|חִדֶּ֔קֶל}}, usually translated as [[w:Tigris|Tigris]]) and '''[[w:Euphrates|Euphrates]]''' ({{HeS|פְרָֽת}} ''Perat'', also ''Pherat''), are a symbol for the four basic astral forms of matter, for the [[four elements]] from which the body of man is formed, which then completely descends to the [[physical plane]] with the Fall. At the same time, the four streams are an image for the [[group soul]]s represented by the 4 [[sphinx]] animals, from which humanity emerged. The figure of the sphinx is also closely related to the [[lesser guardian of the threshold]]. To the clairvoyant eye, the sphinx figure, similar to the centaur, appears in the [[etheric body]] of the human being.
A combination of the four personified rivers of paradise with the four elements can be found, for example, on the late Romanesque (13th century) bronze baptismal font of Hildesheim Cathedral, which is particularly rich in depictions related to the number four. Thus, the four seasons, the four great prophets, the four evangelists and also the four cardinal virtues can also be found here.<ref>Paul Gerhard Ficker: ''Der Mitralis des Sicardus'', Dogma, Bremen 2012, S 41 [http://books.google.at/books?id=bHVb0TiIOV4C&pg=PT47]</ref><ref>Victor H. Elbern, ''Dom und Domschatz in Hildesheim'', Königstein i. T. 1979, S. 16f. und 48f.
</ref><ref>Claudia Höhl: ''Das Taufbecken des Wilbernus - Schätze aus dem Dom zu Hildesheim", Verlag Schnell & Steiner GmbH, Regensburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-7954-2047-5</ref>


== Literature ==
== Literature ==

Revision as of 07:02, 4 August 2021

Lucas Cranach the Elder: The Garden of Eden (1530)
Giovanni di Paolo, Expulsion from Paradise, 15th century
The Garden of Eden in the Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry
Michelangelo: Fall of Man and Expulsion from Paradise (ceiling fresco in the Sistine Chapel)

The word paradise (Hebrew: פרדס pardes; Greek: παράδεισος paradeisos) refers to an enclosed or enclosed area. It goes back to the Avestic term for a bounded or enclosed area, a stately park, an animal, pleasure or magic garden, and is referred to in the Hebrew tradition of the Tanakh as the Garden of Eden (Sumerian: Guan Eden "edge of the heavenly steppe", Hebrew: גן עדן Gan Eden). However, this did not mean an earthly garden, because in the state of paradise man still lived as a warmth-air man in the vicinity of the earth in the area of the lunar sphere. Only through the consequences of the Fall of man was he transferred down into the liquid and into the newly formed solid earth element. Nevertheless, purely earthly attempts to locate Paradise have a long tradition.

According to Dante Alighieri's "Divine Comedy", the Garden of Eden, as the "Earthly Paradise", is located on the top of the Purgatory Mountain, which rises on the southern hemisphere of the earth. From there, only the path leads to the actual supernatural paradiso, to the world of the spheres or heavenly paradise (Middle Persian: garotman or garodman, from garō.dəmāna "house of praise"[1]), which extends from the lunar sphere through the planetary spheres and the zodiac up to the Empyrean located beyond the crystal heaven.

The Formation of the Physical-Ethereal Man

The Garden of Eden in the Book of Hours of the Duke of Berry

The Garden of Eden is described in Genesis in the second creation story, after the six-day work had already been completed, in connection with the creation of Adam. While the six-day work still takes place entirely in the astral world, the development now shifts to the physical-etheric world.

„4 These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created, in the day that the LORD God made the earth and the heavens, 5 And every plant of the field before it was in the earth, and every herb of the field before it grew: for the LORD God had not caused it to rain upon the earth, and there was not a man to till the ground. 6 But there went up a mist from the earth, and watered the whole face of the ground. 7 And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul. 8 And the LORD God planted a garden eastward in Eden; and there he put the man whom he had formed. 9 And out of the ground made the LORD God to grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight, and good for food; the tree of life also in the midst of the garden, and the tree of knowledge of good and evil. 10 And a river went out of Eden to water the garden; and from thence it was parted, and became into four heads. 11 The name of the first is Pison: that is it which compasseth the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold; 12 And the gold of that land is good: there is bdellium and the onyx stone. 13 And the name of the second river is Gihon: the same is it that compasseth the whole land of Ethiopia. 14 And the name of the third river is Hiddekel: that is it which goeth toward the east of Assyria. And the fourth river is Euphrates. 15 And the LORD God took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden to dress it and to keep it. 16 And the LORD God commanded the man, saying, Of every tree of the garden thou mayest freely eat: 17 But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die. 18 And the LORD God said, It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him an help meet for him. 19 And out of the ground the LORD God formed every beast of the field, and every fowl of the air; and brought them unto Adam to see what he would call them: and whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that was the name thereof. 20 And Adam gave names to all cattle, and to the fowl of the air, and to every beast of the field; but for Adam there was not found an help meet for him. 21 And the LORD God caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam, and he slept: and he took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh instead thereof; 22 And the rib, which the LORD God had taken from man, made he a woman, and brought her unto the man. 23 And Adam said, This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh: she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of Man. 24 Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave unto his wife: and they shall be one flesh. 25 And they were both naked, the man and his wife, and were not ashamed.“

The Tree of Life and the Tree of Knowledge

Michelangelo: Fall of Man and Expulsion from Paradise (ceiling fresco in the Sistine Chapel)

The Tree of Life and the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil represent the higher things that must unite with man to form his etheric body and his physical body. The Tree of Knowledge is, in the language of the Elohim, which they have already developed on the old Sun, the physical body of man. The tree of life means the etheric body (Lit.:GA 253, p. 60ff).

The four rivers of paradise

The four rivers of paradise, called Pishon (Hebrew: פִּישׁ֑וֹן), Gihon (Hebrew: גִּיח֑וֹן, outwardly usually identified with the Nile), Hiddekel (Hebrew: חִדֶּ֔קֶל, usually translated as Tigris) and Euphrates (Hebrew: פְרָֽת Perat, also Pherat), are a symbol for the four basic astral forms of matter, for the four elements from which the body of man is formed, which then completely descends to the physical plane with the Fall. At the same time, the four streams are an image for the group souls represented by the 4 sphinx animals, from which humanity emerged. The figure of the sphinx is also closely related to the lesser guardian of the threshold. To the clairvoyant eye, the sphinx figure, similar to the centaur, appears in the etheric body of the human being.

A combination of the four personified rivers of paradise with the four elements can be found, for example, on the late Romanesque (13th century) bronze baptismal font of Hildesheim Cathedral, which is particularly rich in depictions related to the number four. Thus, the four seasons, the four great prophets, the four evangelists and also the four cardinal virtues can also be found here.[2][3][4]

Literature
References to the work of Rudolf Steiner follow Rudolf Steiner's Collected Works (CW or GA), Rudolf Steiner Verlag, Dornach/Switzerland, unless otherwise stated.
Email: verlag@steinerverlag.com URL: www.steinerverlag.com.
Index to the Complete Works of Rudolf Steiner - Aelzina Books
A complete list by Volume Number and a full list of known English translations you may also find at Rudolf Steiner's Collected Works
Rudolf Steiner Archive - The largest online collection of Rudolf Steiner's books, lectures and articles in English.
Rudolf Steiner Audio - Recorded and Read by Dale Brunsvold
steinerbooks.org - Anthroposophic Press Inc. (USA)
Rudolf Steiner Handbook - Christian Karl's proven standard work for orientation in Rudolf Steiner's Collected Works for free download as PDF.

References

  1. ↑ garōdmān. In: Ehsan Yarshater (Editor): Encyclopædia Iranica
  2. ↑ Paul Gerhard Ficker: Der Mitralis des Sicardus, Dogma, Bremen 2012, S 41 [1]
  3. ↑ Victor H. Elbern, Dom und Domschatz in Hildesheim, Königstein i. T. 1979, S. 16f. und 48f.
  4. ↑ Claudia Höhl: Das Taufbecken des Wilbernus - Schätze aus dem Dom zu Hildesheim", Verlag Schnell & Steiner GmbH, Regensburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-7954-2047-5
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