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[[File:Templari Paris.jpg|thumb|Depiction of two Templars seated on a horse (emphasising poverty), with ''Beauséant'', the "sacred banner" of the Templars ([[w:Matthew Paris|Matthew Paris]], c. 1250)]]
[[File:Templari Paris.jpg|thumb|Depiction of two Templars seated on a horse (emphasising poverty), with ''Beauséant'', the "sacred banner" of the Templars ([[w:Matthew Paris|Matthew Paris]], c. 1250)]]


The [[w:Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[w:Military order (religious society)|Military order]] of the '''Knights Templar''' or '''Templars''', also known as the '''Order of Solomon's Temple''' or by its official name '''Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon''' ({{Latin}}: ''Pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Salomonici''), was founded in [[Jerusalem]] around 1119. It was officially dissolved by [[w:Pope Clement V|Pope Clement V]] at the Council of Vienne on 22 March 1312[2] after the [[w:Trials of the Knights Templar|Templar Trials]], which were instigated at the insistence of king [[w:Philip IV of France|Philip IV of France]], called ''Philip the Fair'' ({{French}}: ''Philippe le Bel'').
The [[w:Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[w:Military order (religious society)|Military order]] of the '''Knights Templar''' or '''Templars''', also known as the '''Order of Solomon's Temple''' or by its official name '''Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon''' ({{Latin}}: ''Pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Salomonici''), was founded in [[Jerusalem]] around 1119<ref name="Founding date">The exact founding date is unknown, but is likely to be somewhere between 1118 and 1121.</ref>. It was officially dissolved by [[w:Pope Clement V|Pope Clement V]] at the Council of Vienne on 22 March 1312<ref>Alain Demurger: ''Die Templer. Aufstieg und Untergang.'' München, 4. Aufl. 1994, S. 260.</ref> by the bull ''[[w:Vox in excelso|Vox in excelso]]'' after the [[w:Trials of the Knights Templar|Templar Trials]], which were instigated at the insistence of king [[w:Philip IV of France|Philip IV of France]], called ''Philip the Fair'' ({{French}}: ''Philippe le Bel'').
 
== The spiritual background of the Order of Knights Templar ==
 
=== The Templar Gnosis ==
 
The spiritual background of the Templars is often referred to as Templar gnosis, which is not a trans-worldly gnosis, but a strictly Christian gnosis, oriented towards the transformation of the earth in the sense of the Christ.
 
{{LZ|It was, I repeat, not heretical Gnosticism, nor the poorly veiled deism of the Latin Averroism of Paris and Padua, but devout Christianity, faithful to the Church in its own estimation; admittedly of ecclesiastical-political and socio-critical views, which had to shy away from the light of medieval publicity.|John, p. 111f}}


== Literatur ==
== Literatur ==

Revision as of 07:59, 11 August 2021

Representation of a Knight Templar (Ten Duinen Abbey museum, 2010 photograph)
Depiction of two Templars seated on a horse (emphasising poverty), with Beauséant, the "sacred banner" of the Templars (Matthew Paris, c. 1250)

The Catholic Military order of the Knights Templar or Templars, also known as the Order of Solomon's Temple or by its official name Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon (Latin: Pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Salomonici), was founded in Jerusalem around 1119[1]. It was officially dissolved by Pope Clement V at the Council of Vienne on 22 March 1312[2] by the bull Vox in excelso after the Templar Trials, which were instigated at the insistence of king Philip IV of France, called Philip the Fair (French: Philippe le Bel).

The spiritual background of the Order of Knights Templar

= The Templar Gnosis

The spiritual background of the Templars is often referred to as Templar gnosis, which is not a trans-worldly gnosis, but a strictly Christian gnosis, oriented towards the transformation of the earth in the sense of the Christ.

„It was, I repeat, not heretical Gnosticism, nor the poorly veiled deism of the Latin Averroism of Paris and Padua, but devout Christianity, faithful to the Church in its own estimation; admittedly of ecclesiastical-political and socio-critical views, which had to shy away from the light of medieval publicity.“ (Lit.: John, p. 111f)

Literatur

  • Martha Strachwitz: Schwarz-Weiss. Das Templerdrama, Verlag für Freies Geistesleben, Basel, 1926
  • Robert L. John: Dante, Springer-Verlag, Wien 1946, ISBN 978-3-211-80023-2
  • Arthur Schult: Dantes Divina Commedia als Zeugnis der Tempelritter-Esoterik, Turm-Verlag, Bietigheim 1979, ISBN 978-3799901840
  • Joseph P. Strelka: Dante und die Templergnosis, A. Francke Verlag, Tübingen 2012, ISBN 978-3772084430
  • Theodor Merzdorf: Die Geheimstatuten des Ordens der Tempelherren, Halle 1877 pdf
  • Inge Ott: Das Geheimnis der Tempelritter, Vlg. Freies Geistesleben, Stuttgart 2005
  • Peter Tradowsky: 13. Oktober 1307 / Zur Vernichtung des Templerordens vor 700 Jahren (Freie Vereinigung für Anthroposophie MORGENSTERN), Berlin 2007
  • Marcus Schneider: Templerwirken und Gegenwartskarma. 700 Jahre Gegnerschaft 1307 - 2007, 2 Vorträge, als Hörbuch-CDs, ISBN 978-3-03752-28-4
  • Judith von Halle: Die Templer. Band I. Der Gralsimpuls im Initiationsritus des Templerordens, Vlg. für Anthroposophie, Dornach 2012, ISBN 978-3037690413
  • Judith von Halle: Die Templer, Bd II: Der Gralsimpuls im Initiationsritus des Templerordens, Vlg. für Anthroposophie, Dornach 2013, ISBN 978-3037690468
  • Andreas Meyer: Die letzten Templer. Band I: Die Geschichte der Templer und die Motive der Protagonisten des Templerprozesses aus Sicht der historischen Forschung, Infolücke-Verlag (ILV), Basel 2014, ISBN 9783905955958
  • Andreas Meyer: Die letzten Templer. Band II: Geisteswissenschaftliche Forschungen und Hintergründe zur Entstehung, Vernichtung und Fortentwicklung des Templerimpulses, Infolücke-Verlag (ILV), Basel 2014, ISBN 9783905955965
  • Bernhard Steiner: Ein Impuls für die nächste Kulturepoche. In: "Wochenschrift DAS GOETHEANUM", Nr. 15-16, 11. April 2014, S. 3
  • René Becker: Vor 700 Jahren. In: "Wochenschrift DAS GOETHEANUM", Nr. 12, 21. März 2014, S. 5
  • Robert Bouchal, Gabriele Lukacs: Das geheime Netz der Templer. Wege und Spuren in Österreich., Pichler Verlag, Wien - Graz - Klagenfurt 2010
  • Gérard Klockenbring: Vom Beitrag Frankreichs zur Aufgabe Europas. In: Europa und sein Genius. Herausgegeben von Heinz Eckhoff, Fischer TB, Frankfurt a.M. 1986, S. 18 - 39
  • M.J. Krück von Poturzyn: Der Prozess gegen die Templer, Stuttgart 1963
  • Bruno Nardini: Das Handbuch der Mysterien und Geheimlehren, Goldmann TB Esoterik, München 1994, S. 169 - 203
  • Jules Viard (Hrsg.): Les Grandes Chroniques de France, Band 8: Philippe III. le Hardi, Philippe IV le Bel, Louis X. le Hutin, Philippe V le Long, Champion / Société de l'histoire de France, 1934
  • Sabine Delmarti: Jacques de Molay: son histoire, sa personnalité, son rôle au sein de l'ordre des Templiers, son héritage, Paris 1999 ISBN 2-7328-3442-4
  • Alain Demurger: Der letzte Templer. Leben und Sterben des Großmeisters Jacques de Molay, München 2004 ISBN 3-406-52202-5
  • Alain Demurger: Die Templer. Aufstieg und Untergang 1120-1314, München 1991 ISBN 3-406-38553-2
  • Alain Demurger: Die Verfolgung der Templer. Chronik einer Vernichtung. 1307-1314, Verlag C.H.Beck 2017, ISBN 9783406706653
  • Maurice Druon: Die unseligen Könige. 4 Bände, hist. Roman, Frankfurt/Main 1958
  • Tobias Daniel Wabbel: Die Templerkathedrale: Der Geheimcode von Chartres, Gütersloher Verlagshaus 2012, ISBN 978-3579065670
  • Tobias Daniel Wabbel: Der Templerschatz: Eine Spurensuche, Gütersloher Verlagshaus 2010, ISBN 978-3579065472
  • Barbara Frale: The Chinon Chart. Papal absolution to the last Templar, Master Jacques de Molay, in: Journal of Medieval History 30 (2004), S. 109-134
  • Barbara Frale: L' ultima battaglia dei Templari: dal codice ombra d'obbedienza militare alla costruzione del processo per eresia. Viella, Rom 2001, ISBN 88-8334-037-X
  • Barbara Frale: Strategia di un delitto: Filippo il Bello e il cerimoniale segreto dei Templari. Giunti, Florenz 2001, ISBN 88-09-02052-9
  • Barbara Frale: Il papato e il processo ai templari: l'inedita assoluzione di Chinon alla luce della diplomatica pontificia. Viella, Rom 2003 (= La corte dei papi, 12), ISBN 88-8334-098-1 (Elektronische Version der Seiten 9-48, PDF)
  • Barbara Frale: I templari. Il Mulino, Bologna 2004, ISBN 88-15-09798-8
  • Jules Michelet: Le procés des templiers. Imprimerie Royale, Paris 1841, 2 Bände; Nachdruck, mit einem Vorwort von Jean Favier, Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques, Paris 1987, ISBN 2-7355-0161-2, ISBN 2-7355-0162-0
  • Dieter H. Wolf: Internationales Templerlexikon, Innsbruck 2003, ISBN 3-7065-1826-0
  • Piers Paul Read: Die Templer, München 2005, ISBN 978-3-86820-042-3.
  • Frank Onusseit: Tempelritter für Dummies, Weinheim 2008, ISBN 978-3-527-70353-1.
  • Andreas Beck: Der Untergang der Templer, Freiburg 1997, ISBN 3-451-04575-3.
  • Malcom Barber: Die Templer. Geschichte und Mythos, Mannheim 2010, ISBN 978-3-491-96276-7.
  • Rudolf Steiner: Die okkulten Wahrheiten alter Mythen und Sagen, GA 92 (1999), ISBN 3-7274-0920-7 English: rsarchive.org German: pdf pdf(2) html mobi epub archive.org
  • Rudolf Steiner: Die Tempellegende und die Goldene Legende , GA 93 (1991), ISBN 3-7274-0930-4 English: rsarchive.org German: pdf pdf(2) html mobi epub archive.org
  • Rudolf Steiner: Das christliche Mysterium, GA 97 (1998), ISBN 3-7274-0970-3 English: rsarchive.org German: pdf pdf(2) html mobi epub archive.org
  • Rudolf Steiner: Innere Entwicklungsimpulse der Menschheit. Goethe und die Krisis des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts, GA 171 (1984), ISBN 3-7274-1710-2 English: rsarchive.org German: pdf pdf(2) html mobi epub archive.org
  • Rudolf Steiner: Konferenzen mit den Lehrern der Freien Waldorfschule 1919 bis 1924, GA 300 a-c (1995)
  • Rudolf Steiner: Vorträge und Kurse über christlich-religiöses Wirken, V, GA 346 (2001), ISBN 3-7274-3460-0 English: rsarchive.org German: pdf pdf(2) html mobi epub archive.org
References to the work of Rudolf Steiner follow Rudolf Steiner's Collected Works (CW or GA), Rudolf Steiner Verlag, Dornach/Switzerland, unless otherwise stated.
Email: verlag@steinerverlag.com URL: www.steinerverlag.com.
Index to the Complete Works of Rudolf Steiner - Aelzina Books
A complete list by Volume Number and a full list of known English translations you may also find at Rudolf Steiner's Collected Works
Rudolf Steiner Archive - The largest online collection of Rudolf Steiner's books, lectures and articles in English.
Rudolf Steiner Audio - Recorded and Read by Dale Brunsvold
steinerbooks.org - Anthroposophic Press Inc. (USA)
Rudolf Steiner Handbook - Christian Karl's proven standard work for orientation in Rudolf Steiner's Collected Works for free download as PDF.
  1. ↑ The exact founding date is unknown, but is likely to be somewhere between 1118 and 1121.
  2. ↑ Alain Demurger: Die Templer. Aufstieg und Untergang. München, 4. Aufl. 1994, S. 260.
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