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Everything that is alkaline has an effect deeper within the organism, towards the liver processes, while everything that is connected with Carbo vegetabilis has an effect towards the kidney tract. And we shall be able to perceive a quite distinct interaction between all that is alkaline and that which is processes of the liver system.|312|221}}
Everything that is alkaline has an effect deeper within the organism, towards the liver processes, while everything that is connected with Carbo vegetabilis has an effect towards the kidney tract. And we shall be able to perceive a quite distinct interaction between all that is alkaline and that which is processes of the liver system.|312|221}}
== Liver and musicality ==
{{GZ|But the important thing is that there is an important difference between the liver of a musician and the liver of a non-musician, because the liver has very, very much to do with what resounds in the human being from musical ideas. Yes, it is of no use to regard the liver as a minor organ in ascetic knowledge. This liver, which is apparently such a small organ, is the seat of everything that lives in the beautiful sequence of melodies, and the liver has a great deal to do with listening to a symphony. Only, of course, one must be clear that this liver also has an ether organ and that this has primarily to do with it. But the outer physical liver is, so to speak, the exudate of the etheric liver and is shaped in such a way as this etheric liver is shaped.|201|111}}
== Relationship of the liver with the members of man ==
{{GZ|The astral body penetrates and works through the brain substance, and there is nothing within the brain substance, nothing within any nerve substance, in which the astral body does not co-operate alongside the etheric body. If, on the other hand, you take a large part of the liver, you would have to imagine it in such a way that, although the astral body also penetrates the liver, it does nothing in the liver, takes no part in the inner organisation of the liver, but that, on the other hand, the etheric body takes a quite essential part in the organisation, in the structure of the liver. The different organs are actually quite different things in man. A piece of liver is something we can only study if we know that the etheric body with its powers has the main share and that the astral body, like water through a sponge, permeates the liver, but has no special share in the formation of the liver, in its inner configuration. We cannot imagine a piece of brain substance in any other way than in such a way that the astral body has an essentially large share and the etheric body only a small one. Again, in the whole structure of the blood system, right down to the construction of the heart, the I has its essential share, while, for example, in the organisation of the nerve substance as such the I has no share at all, not to speak of the other organs.|136|124}}


== Literature ==
== Literature ==

Revision as of 07:43, 29 May 2022

Medical illustration showing main parts of the liver: gallbladder, bile duct, hepatic hilum, hepatic artery, portal vein.

The liver (Greek: ἧπαρ Hepar, Latin: iecur) is the central metabolic organ of the organism and forms the largest gland in the vertebrate body. It is the life organ par excellence and is characterised by its high regenerative capacity; the etheric body proves particularly effective here. The human liver weighs about 1500 to 2000 g and is located on the right side of the upper abdomen (epigastrium). It is fixed in the abdominal cavity by several ligaments. Anatomically, it is divided into two large and two small liver lobes. The right large liver lobe (lobus dexter) lies under the diaphragm, the left large liver lobe (lobus sinister) projects into the left upper abdomen. The two smaller lobes are the square lobe (lobus quadratus) and the "tailed" lobe (lobus caudatus). In the macrocosm, the liver corresponds to the planet Jupiter (Lit.:GA 128, p. 36) and the associated planetary metal tin.

The liver as an organ of will

The liver is the essential organ for turning ideas into action. If the liver's activity is disturbed, inhibitions of the will occur.

„For the crux of the matter is that the liver is not merely the organ in the human being which describes the physiology of today, it is in the most eminent sense the organ which gives the human being the courage to transform an imagined deed into a deed which is actually carried out. So when it happens that I am organised as a human being in such a way that a tram drives away, I know I am supposed to go to Basel - there are people like that - I am already there: at the last moment I can't get on, something wants to hold me back, I don't get to get on! - You see, something like that sometimes reveals itself in a strange way when a stagnation of the will occurs. But when such a thing occurs, there is always a fine liver defect. The liver always mediates the transposition of the ideas undertaken into the actions performed by the limbs.“ (Lit.:GA 317, p. 22)

The liver and the water element

The liver has a strong connection to the water element, which is the material carrier of the etheric body. When we feel thirst, this is also connected with the liver system.

„Now all that which is connected with the watery, which is connected with the liquid, for that we must seek the deeper reasons in the liver system. Just as respiratory distress and respiratory regulation, the need to breathe, is connected with the kidney system, so thirst is connected with the liver system. All thirst is related to the liver system. It would be an interesting task to study the interrelationships of the various human thirst qualities in the effects of the liver. And intimately connected with the inner constitution of the lungs, as it were with the inner metabolism of the lungs, are the phenomena of hunger and all that stands in this field.“ (Lit.:GA 312, p. 225)

The liver as a chemist

„Man has within him - if I may express myself thus - a chemist. He has something of the heavenly sphere in him, in which the origin of chemical actions lies. And this is quite strongly localised in the human being, what works there is localised in the liver. And study all this strange activity which the liver develops in the human organism, all the part which it plays on the one hand, in that it acts, I would like to say, like a sucker for the nature of the blood, and on the other hand, in that it has a regulating effect through the secretion of bile in the human organism, for the whole preparation of the blood fluid. Look at all this activity of the liver, and you will see in it that which, when studied to the end, gives chemistry, real chemistry, for our external chemistry is not to be found on earth in its reality. We must regard it as a reflection of the extra-human chemical sphere. But we can also study this extraterrestrial sphere by studying all the wonderful effects of the human liver [...]

Everything that is alkaline has an effect deeper within the organism, towards the liver processes, while everything that is connected with Carbo vegetabilis has an effect towards the kidney tract. And we shall be able to perceive a quite distinct interaction between all that is alkaline and that which is processes of the liver system.“ (Lit.:GA 312, p. 221)

Liver and musicality

„But the important thing is that there is an important difference between the liver of a musician and the liver of a non-musician, because the liver has very, very much to do with what resounds in the human being from musical ideas. Yes, it is of no use to regard the liver as a minor organ in ascetic knowledge. This liver, which is apparently such a small organ, is the seat of everything that lives in the beautiful sequence of melodies, and the liver has a great deal to do with listening to a symphony. Only, of course, one must be clear that this liver also has an ether organ and that this has primarily to do with it. But the outer physical liver is, so to speak, the exudate of the etheric liver and is shaped in such a way as this etheric liver is shaped.“ (Lit.:GA 201, p. 111)

Relationship of the liver with the members of man

„The astral body penetrates and works through the brain substance, and there is nothing within the brain substance, nothing within any nerve substance, in which the astral body does not co-operate alongside the etheric body. If, on the other hand, you take a large part of the liver, you would have to imagine it in such a way that, although the astral body also penetrates the liver, it does nothing in the liver, takes no part in the inner organisation of the liver, but that, on the other hand, the etheric body takes a quite essential part in the organisation, in the structure of the liver. The different organs are actually quite different things in man. A piece of liver is something we can only study if we know that the etheric body with its powers has the main share and that the astral body, like water through a sponge, permeates the liver, but has no special share in the formation of the liver, in its inner configuration. We cannot imagine a piece of brain substance in any other way than in such a way that the astral body has an essentially large share and the etheric body only a small one. Again, in the whole structure of the blood system, right down to the construction of the heart, the I has its essential share, while, for example, in the organisation of the nerve substance as such the I has no share at all, not to speak of the other organs.“ (Lit.:GA 136, p. 124)

Literature

German

  • Herbert Hensel: Die Lebertemperatur des Menschen. Zur Geschichte eines physiologischen Irrtums, in: Beiträge zu einer Erweiterung der Heilkunst nach geisteswissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen. 1977, 30(5), S. 157-159
  • Friedrich Husemann, Otto Wolff (ed.): Das Bild des Menschen als Grundlage der Heilkunst. Entwurf einer geisteswissenschaftlich orientierten Medizin, 3 Bände:
Band 1: Zur Anatomie und Physiologie. Weise, Dresden 1941; 11. durchges. A. 2003: Freies Geistesleben, Stuttgart, ISBN 3-7725-0529-5
Band 2: Zur Pathologie und Therapie. Freies Geistesleben, Stuttgart 1956; 6. bearb. u. erw. A. 2000, ISBN 3-7725-0530-9
Band 3: Zur speziellen Pathologie und Therapie. Freies Geistesleben, Stuttgart 1978; 4. A. 1993, ISBN 3-7725-0531-7
References to the work of Rudolf Steiner follow Rudolf Steiner's Collected Works (CW or GA), Rudolf Steiner Verlag, Dornach/Switzerland, unless otherwise stated.
Email: verlag@steinerverlag.com URL: www.steinerverlag.com.
Index to the Complete Works of Rudolf Steiner - Aelzina Books
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Rudolf Steiner Archive - The largest online collection of Rudolf Steiner's books, lectures and articles in English.
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steinerbooks.org - Anthroposophic Press Inc. (USA)
Rudolf Steiner Handbook - Christian Karl's proven standard work for orientation in Rudolf Steiner's Collected Works for free download as PDF.
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