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[[File:Hexagram.jpg|thumb|Hexagram]]
[[File:Hexagram.jpg|thumb|Hexagram]]


The '''hexagram''' <big>✡</big> ({{Greek|εξάγραμμος}} ''hexágrammos'' "with six lines") or ''sexagram'' ({{Latin}}) is a hexagonal star composed of two overlapping equilateral [[triangle]]s or formed by the diagonals of a regular hexagon. The hexagram is considered a symbol for the [[macrocosm]]. In [[alchemy]] it is also a sign for the totality of the [[four elements]].
The '''hexagram''' <big>✡</big> ({{Greek|εξάγραμμος}} ''hexágrammos'' "with six lines") or '''sexagram''' ({{Latin}}) is a hexagonal star composed of two overlapping equilateral [[triangle]]s or formed by the diagonals of a regular hexagon. The hexagram is considered a symbol for the [[macrocosm]]. In [[alchemy]] it is also a sign for the totality of the [[four elements]].
 
== Hexagram exercise ==
 
{{GZ|<poem>The principle
    of Saturn is the physical basis
    of the Sun eternal growth, eternal progress
    of the Moon holding on, retarding, solidifying
    of Mars courage to lead the aggressive into the sensual life, the red blood
    of Mercury the leading out of the sensual life
    of Jupiter the liberation of the I
    of Venus, the absorption in love.
</poem>
 
The colours given correspond to these planets and principles respectively<ref>In other contexts, other equivalents are sometimes given:
e.g. for eurythmy or on the colour sketch "[[Man in connection with the planets]]", which is not to be understood as a contradiction but as an expression of different aspects. See for example lecture Vienna, 1 June 1918 {{GZ||271|165ff}}. </ref><ref>The colour sketch "Man in connection with the planets" shows the following assignment of colours to the planets, ordered from bottom to top according to today's astronomical order: Moon (violet), Venus (orange), Mercury (yellow), Sun (white), Mars (light blue), Jupiter (dark blue), Saturn (violet) {{GZ||230|28ff|26}}</ref><ref>For [[eurythmy]] the following colour assignment is common: Moon (violet), Mercury (yellow), Venus (green), Sun (white), Mars (red), Jupiter (orange), Saturn (blue)</ref>:
 
<poem>
    [[Saturn]] - green
    [[Sun]] - orange
    [[Moon]] - violet
    [[Mars]] - red
    [[Mercury]] - yellow
    [[Jupiter]] - blue
    [[Venus]] - indigo
</poem>
 
The hexagram corresponds to currents in the astral body, but this is not to be understood as a line figure; the double triangle is only an average. (Whereas the currents in the etheric body form the lines of a pentagram, the hexagram represents the astral body in a completely different way, not line-like, but flatly physical). If the figure is turned in its vertical axis, the real figure comes out, even if the horizontal average does not quite correspond to a circle (oval). The horizontal lines therefore actually form a surface; the upper one at the height of the arms, the other at the height of the knees. The triangle pointing downwards has to do with the bodies: the astral body (moon), etheric body (sun), physical body (Saturn principle). The other triangle with the higher parts: Sensation soul (Mars), mind soul (Mercury) and consciousness soul, which is only at the beginning of its development (Jupiter). Accordingly the colours.
 
One should meditate on these figures and the meaning of their details in order to become aware of one's real inner life and one's relationship to the cosmos. One will then awaken peculiar feelings within oneself.|264|189ff}}
 
== The Mercury hexagram ==
{{Main|Mercury hexagram}}
[[File:Mercury hexagram.gif|thumb|The [[Mercury hexagram]] from a geocentric point of view. The yellow circle symbolises the apparent orbit of the [[Sun]].]]
 
[[Mercury]] has a synodic orbital period of about 116 (exactly 115.88) days. From a geocentric point of view, this results in an approximately equilateral triangle (trigon) in the course of a year if you connect the three points of Mercury's orbit closest to the Earth (3 x 116 = 348, i.e. a little less than a year with rounded 365 days. Another, but larger trigon becomes visible if the points furthest from the earth are connected in the same way. Both triangles together form a hexagram. This cosmic archetype is the basis of many three- or six-fold earthly forms. A typical example is the 3- or 6-rayed symmetry of the Lily family ([[w:Liliaceae|Liliaceae]]).  


== Literature ==
== Literature ==
Line 13: Line 48:


{{GA}}
{{GA}}
== References ==
<references />


[[Category:Geometry]]
[[Category:Geometry]]

Latest revision as of 05:05, 9 June 2022

Hexagram

The hexagram ✡ (Greek: εξάγραμμος hexágrammos "with six lines") or sexagram (Latin) is a hexagonal star composed of two overlapping equilateral triangles or formed by the diagonals of a regular hexagon. The hexagram is considered a symbol for the macrocosm. In alchemy it is also a sign for the totality of the four elements.

Hexagram exercise

„

The principle
    of Saturn is the physical basis
    of the Sun eternal growth, eternal progress
    of the Moon holding on, retarding, solidifying
    of Mars courage to lead the aggressive into the sensual life, the red blood
    of Mercury the leading out of the sensual life
    of Jupiter the liberation of the I
    of Venus, the absorption in love.

The colours given correspond to these planets and principles respectively[1][2][3]:

    Saturn - green
    Sun - orange
    Moon - violet
    Mars - red
    Mercury - yellow
    Jupiter - blue
    Venus - indigo

The hexagram corresponds to currents in the astral body, but this is not to be understood as a line figure; the double triangle is only an average. (Whereas the currents in the etheric body form the lines of a pentagram, the hexagram represents the astral body in a completely different way, not line-like, but flatly physical). If the figure is turned in its vertical axis, the real figure comes out, even if the horizontal average does not quite correspond to a circle (oval). The horizontal lines therefore actually form a surface; the upper one at the height of the arms, the other at the height of the knees. The triangle pointing downwards has to do with the bodies: the astral body (moon), etheric body (sun), physical body (Saturn principle). The other triangle with the higher parts: Sensation soul (Mars), mind soul (Mercury) and consciousness soul, which is only at the beginning of its development (Jupiter). Accordingly the colours.

One should meditate on these figures and the meaning of their details in order to become aware of one's real inner life and one's relationship to the cosmos. One will then awaken peculiar feelings within oneself.“ (Lit.:GA 264, p. 189ff)

The Mercury hexagram

→ Main article: Mercury hexagram
The Mercury hexagram from a geocentric point of view. The yellow circle symbolises the apparent orbit of the Sun.

Mercury has a synodic orbital period of about 116 (exactly 115.88) days. From a geocentric point of view, this results in an approximately equilateral triangle (trigon) in the course of a year if you connect the three points of Mercury's orbit closest to the Earth (3 x 116 = 348, i.e. a little less than a year with rounded 365 days. Another, but larger trigon becomes visible if the points furthest from the earth are connected in the same way. Both triangles together form a hexagram. This cosmic archetype is the basis of many three- or six-fold earthly forms. A typical example is the 3- or 6-rayed symmetry of the Lily family (Liliaceae).

Literature
References to the work of Rudolf Steiner follow Rudolf Steiner's Collected Works (CW or GA), Rudolf Steiner Verlag, Dornach/Switzerland, unless otherwise stated.
Email: verlag@steinerverlag.com URL: www.steinerverlag.com.
Index to the Complete Works of Rudolf Steiner - Aelzina Books
A complete list by Volume Number and a full list of known English translations you may also find at Rudolf Steiner's Collected Works
Rudolf Steiner Archive - The largest online collection of Rudolf Steiner's books, lectures and articles in English.
Rudolf Steiner Audio - Recorded and Read by Dale Brunsvold
steinerbooks.org - Anthroposophic Press Inc. (USA)
Rudolf Steiner Handbook - Christian Karl's proven standard work for orientation in Rudolf Steiner's Collected Works for free download as PDF.

References

  1. ↑ In other contexts, other equivalents are sometimes given: e.g. for eurythmy or on the colour sketch "Man in connection with the planets", which is not to be understood as a contradiction but as an expression of different aspects. See for example lecture Vienna, 1 June 1918 (Lit.:GA 271, p. 165ff).
  2. ↑ The colour sketch "Man in connection with the planets" shows the following assignment of colours to the planets, ordered from bottom to top according to today's astronomical order: Moon (violet), Venus (orange), Mercury (yellow), Sun (white), Mars (light blue), Jupiter (dark blue), Saturn (violet) (Lit.:GA 230, p. 28ff)
  3. ↑ For eurythmy the following colour assignment is common: Moon (violet), Mercury (yellow), Venus (green), Sun (white), Mars (red), Jupiter (orange), Saturn (blue)
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