Pineal gland

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The pineal gland (named after the pine and the shape of its cones; also called conarium, corpus pineale, glandula pinealis, pineal organ) or epiphysis (cerebri) (from Greekεπίφυση, literally "the up-growth", "the sessile growth" with the Latin suffix cerebri - of the brain, as the bone ends of the long tubular bones are also called epiphyses), is a small unpaired organ in the epithalamus, a part of the diencephalon. In the pineal gland, the hormone melatonin is produced in special neurosecretory cells called pinealocytes. The hormone is mainly produced at night. The sleep-wake rhythm and other time-dependent rhythms of the body are controlled via melatonin. In case of malfunction, it causes - apart from a disturbed daily rhythm - either sexual prematurity or an inhibition of sexual development. Descartes believed the pineal gland to be the transition point between mind and body.

Literature

German

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