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The embryo with its four extraembryonic membranes (embryonic membranes): a = embryo, b = yolk sac, c = allantois (embryonic urinary bladder), d = amnion (bloodless inner egg membrane), e = chorion (strongly perfused outer villous membrane).
[[File:Amniote embryo.jpg|thumb|250px|The embryo with its four extraembryonic membranes: a = embryo,<br />b = [[w:yolk sac|yolk sac]],<br />c = [[w:allantois|allantois]] (embryonic urinary bladder),<br />d = [[w:amnion|amnion]] (bloodless inner membrane),<br />e = [[w:chorion|chorion]] (strongly perfused outer villous membrane).]]


The '''extraembryonic membranes''' or '''eggshell membranes''', also called '''amniotic membranes''' or '''germinal membranes''', surround the maturing [[embryo]]. The four [[w:membrane|membrane]]s, which are formed from the embryonic tissue and correspond to the 4 basic [[members]] of the being, are:
The '''extraembryonic membranes''' or '''eggshell membranes''', also called '''amniotic membranes''' or '''germinal membranes''', surround the maturing [[embryo]]. The four [[w:membrane|membrane]]s, which are formed from the embryonic tissue and correspond to the 4 basic [[members]] of the being, are:
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* the [[w:amnion|amnion]] ({{Greek|ἀμνίον|''amníon''}} "that which belongs to the little lamb"), also called ''sheepskin'', as a thin, vesselless inner egg shell filled with amniotic fluid, which forms the [[w:amniotic sac|amniotic sac]] in the narrower sense<ref>Depending on the definition, the totality of the egg shells, or namely the amnion and chorion together, is also called the amniotic sac.</ref>, is related to the [[etheric body]],
* the [[w:amnion|amnion]] ({{Greek|ἀμνίον|''amníon''}} "that which belongs to the little lamb"), also called ''sheepskin'', as a thin, vesselless inner egg shell filled with amniotic fluid, which forms the [[w:amniotic sac|amniotic sac]] in the narrower sense<ref>Depending on the definition, the totality of the egg shells, or namely the amnion and chorion together, is also called the amniotic sac.</ref>, is related to the [[etheric body]],
* the [[w:allantois|allantois]] ({{Greek|αλλαντοίς}} "the sausage-shaped"), which serves as the embryonic [[w:urinary bladder|urinary bladder]] and correlates with the [[astral body]],
* the [[w:allantois|allantois]] ({{Greek|αλλαντοίς}} "the sausage-shaped"), which serves as the embryonic [[w:urinary bladder|urinary bladder]] and correlates with the [[astral body]],
* the [[w:chorion|chorion]] ({{Greek|Χορίον}} "villous skin"), which is the physical correlate of the [[I-organisation]] as the strongly perfused outer membrane. The secondary villi of the chorion grow into the maternal [[w:endometrium|endometrium]] (from {{Greek|ἔνδο}} ''éndo'' "inside" and {{lang|grc|μήτρα}} ''mḗtrā'' "uterus") and together with this form the [[w:placenta ({{Latin|placenta}} "cake"), to which the embryo is connected via the [[w:umbilical cord|umbilical cord]].
* the [[w:chorion|chorion]] ({{Greek|Χορίον}} "villous skin"), which is the physical correlate of the [[I-organisation]] as the strongly perfused outer membrane. The secondary villi of the chorion grow into the maternal [[w:endometrium|endometrium]] (from {{Greek|ἔνδο}} ''éndo'' "inside" and {{lang|grc|μήτρα}} ''mḗtrā'' "uterus") and together with this form the [[w:placenta|placenta]] ({{Latin|placenta}} "cake"), to which the embryo is connected via the [[w:umbilical cord|umbilical cord]].


At birth, the extraembryonic membranes, the placenta and the umbilical cord are rejected as afterbirth and die.  
At birth, the extraembryonic membranes, the placenta and the umbilical cord are rejected as afterbirth and die.  
== The spiritual significance of the extraembryonic membranes ==
{{GZ|That which is atrophied in embryonic life is formed in the astral, in the I-organisation, so that when one has the physical embryo, one has to say: This physical in the embryo is indeed wonderfully developed, but the pre-earthly human being has at first the least share in it. - On the other hand, the human being, the pre-earthly human being, has the greatest share in all that is around. The pre-earthly human being lives inside of this, in that which is actually broken down in the physical and goes away as broken down, chorion, amnion and so on. Inside this lives the pre-earthly human being.|316|147}}
{{GZ|The physical allantois metamorphoses, passing over into the spiritual, in the efficiency of the powers of the astral body. A degenerated allantois produces a diminished efficiency of the astral body, which expresses itself especially in all motor organs.|27|112}}
{{GZ|It is in this way that one must know: Amnion is the physical correlate of the etheric body, allantois is the physical correlate of the astral body, chorion is the physical correlate of the I-organisation of the adult human being.|314|308}}
{{GZ|Present embryology is actually a very one-sided science; it actually considers essentially only the course of events from the ovum into its complexity. But it attaches very little importance to the organs of decadence, to that which disappears in the formed embryo, that is, to that which disappears such as the amniotic sac, the allantois, the chorion and so on. These things recede, while that which then becomes the visible human organs is formed forwards. The mistake that is made today is that one actually considers only the processes of evolution, not the processes of involution, not that which develops in the opposite sense through the fact that the other evolves.|73a|122}}


== Literature ==
== Literature ==
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* Kaspar Appenzeller: ''Die Genesis im Lichte der menschlichen Embryonalentwicklung'', 2. Auflage, Zbinden Verlag 1989, ISBN 978-3859893825
* Kaspar Appenzeller: ''Die Genesis im Lichte der menschlichen Embryonalentwicklung'', 2. Auflage, Zbinden Verlag 1989, ISBN 978-3859893825
* [[a:Wolfgang Schad|Wolfgang Schad]] (Hrsg.): ''Die verlorene Hälfte des Menschen: Die Plazenta vor und nach der Geburt in Medizin, Ethnologie und Anthroposophie'', 3. Auflage, Verlag Freies Geistesleben, Stuttgart 2016, ISBN 978-3772514654
* [[a:Wolfgang Schad|Wolfgang Schad]] (Hrsg.): ''Die verlorene Hälfte des Menschen: Die Plazenta vor und nach der Geburt in Medizin, Ethnologie und Anthroposophie'', 3. Auflage, Verlag Freies Geistesleben, Stuttgart 2016, ISBN 978-3772514654
* [[Rudolf Steiner]], [[Ita Wegman]]: ''Grundlegendes für eine Erweiterung der Heilkunst nach geisteswissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen'', [[GA 27]] (1991), ISBN 3-7274-0270-9 {{Schriften|027}}
* [[Rudolf Steiner]], [[Ita Wegman]]: ''Grundlegendes für eine Erweiterung der Heilkunst nach geisteswissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen'', [[GA 27]] (1991), ISBN 3-7274-0270-9 {{Lectures|027}}
* [[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Fachwissenschaften und Anthroposophie'', [[GA 73a]] (2005), ISBN 3-7274-0735-2 {{Lectures|073a}}
* [[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Fachwissenschaften und Anthroposophie'', [[GA 73a]] (2005), ISBN 3-7274-0735-2 {{Lectures|073a}}
* [[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Erdenwissen und Himmelserkenntnis'', [[GA 221]] (1998), ISBN 3-7274-2210-6 {{Lectures|221}}
* [[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Erdenwissen und Himmelserkenntnis'', [[GA 221]] (1998), ISBN 3-7274-2210-6 {{Lectures|221}}

Latest revision as of 10:11, 30 March 2021

The embryo with its four extraembryonic membranes: a = embryo,
b = yolk sac,
c = allantois (embryonic urinary bladder),
d = amnion (bloodless inner membrane),
e = chorion (strongly perfused outer villous membrane).

The extraembryonic membranes or eggshell membranes, also called amniotic membranes or germinal membranes, surround the maturing embryo. The four membranes, which are formed from the embryonic tissue and correspond to the 4 basic members of the being, are:

  • the yolk sac (Latin: Saccus vitellinus) with the nutrient-rich yolk (Greek: λέκιθος lekithos, Latin: vitellum, from vita "life") serves exclusively as a nutritional organ and corresponds to the physical body,
  • the amnion (Greek: ἀμνίον amníon "that which belongs to the little lamb"), also called sheepskin, as a thin, vesselless inner egg shell filled with amniotic fluid, which forms the amniotic sac in the narrower sense[1], is related to the etheric body,
  • the allantois (Greek: αλλαντοίς "the sausage-shaped"), which serves as the embryonic urinary bladder and correlates with the astral body,
  • the chorion (Greek: Χορίον "villous skin"), which is the physical correlate of the I-organisation as the strongly perfused outer membrane. The secondary villi of the chorion grow into the maternal endometrium (from Greek: ἔνδο éndo "inside" and μήτρα mḗtrā "uterus") and together with this form the placenta (Latin: placenta "cake"), to which the embryo is connected via the umbilical cord.

At birth, the extraembryonic membranes, the placenta and the umbilical cord are rejected as afterbirth and die.

The spiritual significance of the extraembryonic membranes

„That which is atrophied in embryonic life is formed in the astral, in the I-organisation, so that when one has the physical embryo, one has to say: This physical in the embryo is indeed wonderfully developed, but the pre-earthly human being has at first the least share in it. - On the other hand, the human being, the pre-earthly human being, has the greatest share in all that is around. The pre-earthly human being lives inside of this, in that which is actually broken down in the physical and goes away as broken down, chorion, amnion and so on. Inside this lives the pre-earthly human being.“ (Lit.:GA 316, p. 147)

„The physical allantois metamorphoses, passing over into the spiritual, in the efficiency of the powers of the astral body. A degenerated allantois produces a diminished efficiency of the astral body, which expresses itself especially in all motor organs.“ (Lit.:GA 27, p. 112)

„It is in this way that one must know: Amnion is the physical correlate of the etheric body, allantois is the physical correlate of the astral body, chorion is the physical correlate of the I-organisation of the adult human being.“ (Lit.:GA 314, p. 308)

„Present embryology is actually a very one-sided science; it actually considers essentially only the course of events from the ovum into its complexity. But it attaches very little importance to the organs of decadence, to that which disappears in the formed embryo, that is, to that which disappears such as the amniotic sac, the allantois, the chorion and so on. These things recede, while that which then becomes the visible human organs is formed forwards. The mistake that is made today is that one actually considers only the processes of evolution, not the processes of involution, not that which develops in the opposite sense through the fact that the other evolves.“ (Lit.:GA 73a, p. 122)

Literature
References to the work of Rudolf Steiner follow Rudolf Steiner's Collected Works (CW or GA), Rudolf Steiner Verlag, Dornach/Switzerland, unless otherwise stated.
Email: verlag@steinerverlag.com URL: www.steinerverlag.com.
Index to the Complete Works of Rudolf Steiner - Aelzina Books
A complete list by Volume Number and a full list of known English translations you may also find at Rudolf Steiner's Collected Works
Rudolf Steiner Archive - The largest online collection of Rudolf Steiner's books, lectures and articles in English.
Rudolf Steiner Audio - Recorded and Read by Dale Brunsvold
steinerbooks.org - Anthroposophic Press Inc. (USA)
Rudolf Steiner Handbook - Christian Karl's proven standard work for orientation in Rudolf Steiner's Collected Works for free download as PDF.

References

  1. ↑ Depending on the definition, the totality of the egg shells, or namely the amnion and chorion together, is also called the amniotic sac.
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