Humanism

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Francesco Petrarch, Detail of a fresco by Andrea del Castagno (c. 1450) Uffizi Gallery (Florence)

Humanism is a summary term for intellectual currents, some of which are very heterogeneous. What they have in common is that they design an ideal of society and education that is intended to promote the best possible development of the individual personality in the service of the social community. After the old spiritual sources, which were only carried on in tradition without being understood, had finally dried up, a new search for the essence of the human being began. Depending on the ideological position, very different, often completely contradictory models were developed in accordance with the associated image of man. The roots of humanism already lie in antiquity, to which the Renaissance humanism that emerged at the dawn of the consciousness soul age in the time of the Renaissance in clear distinction from the Middle Ages also fell back, which was inspired in particular by Francesco Petrarch (1304-1374) and had its outstanding centre in Florence and radiated from here to the whole of Europe.

Literature

References to the work of Rudolf Steiner follow Rudolf Steiner's Collected Works (CW or GA), Rudolf Steiner Verlag, Dornach/Switzerland, unless otherwise stated.
Email: verlag@steinerverlag.com URL: www.steinerverlag.com.
Index to the Complete Works of Rudolf Steiner - Aelzina Books
A complete list by Volume Number and a full list of known English translations you may also find at Rudolf Steiner's Collected Works
Rudolf Steiner Archive - The largest online collection of Rudolf Steiner's books, lectures and articles in English.
Rudolf Steiner Audio - Recorded and Read by Dale Brunsvold
steinerbooks.org - Anthroposophic Press Inc. (USA)
Rudolf Steiner Handbook - Christian Karl's proven standard work for orientation in Rudolf Steiner's Collected Works for free download as PDF.