Pergamon

Pergamon (Turkey) Pergamon Pergamon Smyrna Smyrna

Pergamon (Kleinasien)

Pergamon (Greek: τὸ Πέργαμον "the Pérgamon", less commonly ἡ Πέργαμος "the Pérgamos"; Latin: Pergamum, less commonly Pergamus) was an ancient Greek city near the west coast of Asia Minor in present-day Turkey. It was situated on the northern edge of a plain formed by the river Caicus (today's Bakırçay). The built-up area rises at the feet, on the slopes and on the plateau of the acropolis, the core of which consists of a mesa-shaped massif of andesite rock about 335 metres high. Here stood the monumental Pergamon Altar erected under King Eumenes II in the first half of the 2nd century BC, the reconstruction of which with the original friezes can be seen today in the Pergamon Museum in Berlin. The castle hill slopes very steeply to the north, east and west, while the southern side forms a flatter transition to the plain via three natural steps. To the west, the Selinus (today Bergamaçay) flows through the city past the acropolis, while to the east flows the Ketios (today Kestelçay).

During the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, Pergamon was the capital of the Kingdom of Pergamon, which extended over large parts of western Asia Minor. Under the art-loving Attalid dynasty, which strove to create a new Athens, the city became one of the most important cultural centres of Hellenism. The city was named after the parchment, which, according to an ancient legend, was invented there. The Turkish name of the city today is Bergama. Pergamon lies about 80 km north of Smyrna, today's İzmir.

Literature

• Rudolf Steiner: Die Apokalypse des Johannes, GA 104 (1985), ISBN 3-7274-1040-X English: rsarchive.org German: pdf pdf(2) html mobi epub archive.org

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