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'''Kabbalah''' ({{HeS|קבלה}}) "reception, adoption, transmission, transmission") is the [[mystical]] tradition in [[Judaism]]. The original roots of Kabbalah are found in the [[w:Torah|Torah]], the Holy Scripture of Judaism. In centuries of oral transmission, various other influences were also incorporated, including [[Gnosticism|Gnostic]], [[Neoplatonism|Neoplatonic]] and [[Christianity|Christian]] elements. Since [[Pico della Mirandola]], it has also been continued in non-Jewish circles, especially in the form of the [[Christian Kabbalah]].

== History of the word ==
[[File:Nahmanides painting.jpg|thumb|[[w:Nachmanides|Nachmanides]] ({{He|מֹשֶׁה בֶּן־נָחְמָן}} ''Mōšeh ben-Nāḥmān'', 1194–1270), modern artistic depiction in [[w:Acre, Israel|Acre]]]]
The term ''Kabbalah'' ({{HeS|קבלה}}) goes back to the Hebrew root q-b-l ({{He|קבל}}) and means something "to receive" and derived from it "transmission, taking over and passing on". The bearers of this transmission are called ''Baʕaleh Haqabalā'' {{He|בעלה הקבלה}} or ''Məqūballīm'' {{He|מקובלים}}, the latter form resonating the meaning of "received from God" because of the passive voice. Originally, the word Kabbalah could refer to any tradition in general, but especially to the revelation of the Torah to [[Moses]] at [[w:Sinai|Sinai]]. Thus the "Sayings of the Fathers" from the [[w:Mishnah|Mishnah]] begin, "Moses received (q-b-l) the Torah at Sinai and delivered it ..." Older kabbalists bore non-specific and flowery names such as ''Knower of the Beauty of Grace'' ({{He|יודעי חן}} ''yōdəʕēy ḥēn'') or simply ''Knower'' ({{He|יודעים}} ''yōdəʕīm''), a designation that goes back to Nachmanides, reasoners ({{He|משכלים}} ''miśkālīm'') and ''wise of heart'' ({{He|חכמי הלב}} ''ḥāchmēy halēv'') and the object itself was ({{He|חכמה ניסתרה}} ''ḥåchmā nīstarā'') the ''hidden wisdom''. In the main body of the [[Zohar]], the word "Kabbalah" is not used, but appears in later parts such as ''Ra'aya Meheimna'' and the [[Sefer ha-Tiqunim]]. Since the beginning of the 14th century, the term Kabbalah has almost completely replaced all synonyms.<ref>[[Wikipedia:Encyclopedia Judaica|Encyclopedia Judaica]], Art. ''Kabbalah'', Vol. 10, p. 495.</ref> 

== Literature ==

* [[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Bewußtsein – Leben – Form '', [[GA 89]] (2001) {{Lectures|089}}
* [[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Geistige Hierarchien und ihre Widerspiegelung in der physischen Welt'', [[GA 110]] (1991) {{Lectures|110}}
* [[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Die Geheimnisse der biblischen Schöpfungsgeschichte'', [[GA 122]] (1984), ISBN 3-7274-1220-8 {{Lectures|122}}
* [[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Das Matthäus-Evangelium'', [[GA 123]] (1988), ISBN 3-7274-1230-5 {{Lectures|123}}
* [[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Welche Bedeutung hat die okkulte Entwicklung des Menschen für seine Hüllen und sein Selbst?'', [[GA 145]] (1986) {{Lectures|145}}
* [[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Vorträge und Kurse über christlich-religiöses Wirken, V'', [[GA 346]] (2001) {{Lectures|346}}
* [[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Die Geschichte der Menschheit und die Weltanschauungen der Kulturvölker'', [[GA 353]] (1988) {{Lectures|353}}
* [[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Okkulte Zeichen und Symbole der astralen und der geistigen Welt'', Vortrag in Leipzig, 12. Januar 1908 (not in [[GA]] veröffentlicht) [http://www.steiner-klartext.net/pdfs/19080112a-01-01.pdf pdf]
* ''[[Beiträge zur Rudolf Steiner Gesamtausgabe]]'', Heft 32, 1970 {{BE|32|30f}}

{{GA}}

== References ==
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[[Category:Kabbalah]]
[[Category:Mysticism]]
[[de:Kabbala]]